There are many rules when it comes to the lifecycle of an aircraft, a ‘journey’ split into phases marked by the fast pace of innovation, as part of a system that aims to offer passengers safe and efficient flights, and reliable and competitive services.

New technologies continue to revolutionise the way aircraft are designed, built and operated. But how does the ‘life’ of an aeroplane come about, how long does it last and, above all, how does it end?

 

The lifecycle of aircraft

• Design
  The first chapter in the aircraft lifecycle begins in the design rooms, where aeronautical engineers and designers collaborate to create increasingly safe, efficient and high-performance aircraft.
  
  
• Production and assembly
  The parts of an aeroplane are produced individually on a production line and then converge in an assembly centre or a manufacturing company hangar.  This is where all the components, from engines to avionics, are assembled until a complete aircraft is obtained.
  
  
• Tests and certifications
  Before debuting on a runway, aeroplanes undergo thorough testing. Flight and ground tests ascertain structural robustness, engine reliability and equipment safety. Once the tests have been passed, the aircraft receives the necessary certifications to operate in compliance with international regulations.
  
  
• Operating life
  Aircraft intended for civil aviation are delivered to airlines, thus entering their operating life, which lasts on average between 20 and 30 years, or more precisely 65-70,000 pressurisation/depressurisation cycles. Every aircraft flight writes a page in its history and regular maintenance is essential to ensure safety standards and optimal performance.
  
  
• Renewal and upgrades
  As technology advances, aircraft can undergo upgrades to improve performance, safety and, last but not least, the passenger experience. From the introduction of lighter and more resistant composite materials to the advanced digitalisation of avionics, innovation has improved operational efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and increased on-board safety.
  
  
• End of service life and reusing parts
  When an aircraft reaches the end of its operating life, it enters the retirement phase. ‘Retired’ planes can be converted for other purposes, becoming, for example, cargo planes or tourist attractions. They can also be dismantled to recover materials for use in the automotive industry or in the construction of lightweight structures.